.. DO NOT EDIT.
.. THIS FILE WAS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY SPHINX-GALLERY.
.. TO MAKE CHANGES, EDIT THE SOURCE PYTHON FILE:
.. "auto_examples/core/containers.py"
.. LINE NUMBERS ARE GIVEN BELOW.

.. only:: html

    .. note::
        :class: sphx-glr-download-link-note

        :ref:`Go to the end <sphx_glr_download_auto_examples_core_containers.py>`
        to download the full example code.

.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-example-title

.. _sphx_glr_auto_examples_core_containers.py:


Using Container classes
=======================

``ctapipe.core.Container`` is the base class for all event-wise data
classes in ctapipe. It works like a object-relational mapper, in that it
defines a set of ``Fields`` along with their metadata (description,
unit, default), which can be later translated automatically into an
output table using a ``ctapipe.io.TableWriter``.

.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 12-21

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 13


    from functools import partial

    import numpy as np
    from astropy import units as u

    from ctapipe.containers import SimulatedShowerContainer
    from ctapipe.core import Container, Field, Map








.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 22-24

Let’s define a few example containers with some dummy fields in them:


.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 24-61

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 26



    class SubContainer(Container):
        junk = Field(-1, "Some junk")
        value = Field(0.0, "some value", unit=u.deg)


    class TelContainer(Container):
        # defaults should match the other requirements, e.g. the defaults
        # should have the correct unit. It most often also makes sense to use
        # an invalid value marker like nan for floats or -1 for positive integers
        # as default
        tel_id = Field(-1, "telescope ID number")

        # For mutable structures like lists, arrays or containers, use a `default_factory` function or class
        # not an instance to assure each container gets a fresh instance and there is no hidden
        # shared state between containers.
        image = Field(default_factory=lambda: np.zeros(10), description="camera pixel data")


    class EventContainer(Container):
        event_id = Field(-1, "event id number")

        tels_with_data = Field(
            default_factory=list, description="list of telescopes with data"
        )
        sub = Field(
            default_factory=SubContainer, description="stuff"
        )  # a sub-container in the hierarchy

        # A Map is like a defaultdictionary with a specific container type as default.
        # This can be used to e.g. store a container per telescope
        # we use partial here to automatically get a function that creates a map with the correct container type
        # as default
        tel = Field(default_factory=partial(Map, TelContainer), description="telescopes")









.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 62-65

Basic features
--------------


.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 65-69

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 66


    ev = EventContainer()









.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 70-72

Check that default values are automatically filled in


.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 72-82

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 73


    print(ev.event_id)
    print(ev.sub)
    print(ev.tel)
    print(ev.tel.keys())

    # default dict access will create container:
    print(ev.tel[1])






.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none

    -1
    {'junk': -1, 'value': 0.0}
    Map(__main__.TelContainer, {})
    dict_keys([])
    {'image': array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]), 'tel_id': -1}




.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 83-85

print the dict representation


.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 85-89

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 86


    print(ev)






.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none

    {'event_id': -1,
     'sub': {'junk': -1, 'value': 0.0},
     'tel': {1: {'image': array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]),
                 'tel_id': -1}},
     'tels_with_data': []}




.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 90-92

We also get docstrings “for free”


.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 92-94

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 92

    help(EventContainer)





.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none

    Help on class EventContainer in module __main__:

    class EventContainer(ctapipe.core.container.Container)
     |  EventContainer(prefix=None, **fields)
     |  
     |  Attributes
     |  ----------
     |  event_id : Field(default=-1)
     |      event id number
     |  tels_with_data : Field(default=builtins.list)
     |      list of telescopes with data
     |  sub : Field(default=__main__.SubContainer)
     |      stuff
     |  tel : Field(default=Map(__main__.TelContainer))
     |      telescopes
     |  meta : dict
     |      dict of attached metadata
     |  prefix : str
     |      Prefix attached to column names when saved to a table or file
     |  
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      EventContainer
     |      ctapipe.core.container.Container
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Data descriptors defined here:
     |  
     |  event_id
     |  
     |  meta
     |  
     |  prefix
     |  
     |  sub
     |  
     |  tel
     |  
     |  tels_with_data
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  default_prefix = 'event'
     |  
     |  fields = {'event_id': Field(default=-1), 'sub': Field(default=__main__...
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from ctapipe.core.container.Container:
     |  
     |  __getitem__(self, key)
     |  
     |  __init__(self, prefix=None, **fields)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  __repr__(self)
     |      Return repr(self).
     |  
     |  __setitem__(self, key, value)
     |  
     |  __str__(self)
     |      Return str(self).
     |  
     |  as_dict(self, recursive=False, flatten=False, add_prefix=False, add_key=False)
     |      Convert the `Container` into a dictionary
     |      
     |      Parameters
     |      ----------
     |      recursive: bool
     |          sub-Containers should also be converted to dicts
     |      flatten: type
     |          return a flat dictionary, with any sub-field keys generated
     |          by appending the sub-Container name.
     |      add_prefix: bool
     |          include the container's prefix in the name of each item
     |      add_key: bool
     |          include map key
     |  
     |  items(self, add_prefix=False)
     |      Generator over (key, value) pairs for the items
     |  
     |  keys(self)
     |      Get the keys of the container
     |  
     |  reset(self)
     |      Reset all values back to their default values
     |      
     |      Parameters
     |      ----------
     |      recursive: bool
     |          If true, also reset all sub-containers
     |  
     |  update(self, **values)
     |      update more than one parameter at once (e.g. ``update(x=3,y=4)``
     |      or ``update(**dict_of_values)``)
     |  
     |  validate(self)
     |      Check that all fields in the Container have the expected characteristics (as
     |      defined by the Field metadata).  This is not intended to be run every time a
     |      Container is filled, since it is slow, only for testing a first event.
     |      
     |      Raises
     |      ------
     |      ValueError:
     |          if the Container's values are not valid
     |  
     |  values(self)
     |      Get the values of the container





.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 95-97

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 95

    help(SubContainer)





.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none

    Help on class SubContainer in module __main__:

    class SubContainer(ctapipe.core.container.Container)
     |  SubContainer(prefix=None, **fields)
     |  
     |  Attributes
     |  ----------
     |  junk : Field(default=-1)
     |      Some junk
     |  value : Field(default=0.0, unit=deg)
     |      some value
     |  meta : dict
     |      dict of attached metadata
     |  prefix : str
     |      Prefix attached to column names when saved to a table or file
     |  
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      SubContainer
     |      ctapipe.core.container.Container
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Data descriptors defined here:
     |  
     |  junk
     |  
     |  meta
     |  
     |  prefix
     |  
     |  value
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  default_prefix = 'sub'
     |  
     |  fields = {'junk': Field(default=-1), 'value': Field(default=0.0, unit=...
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from ctapipe.core.container.Container:
     |  
     |  __getitem__(self, key)
     |  
     |  __init__(self, prefix=None, **fields)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  __repr__(self)
     |      Return repr(self).
     |  
     |  __setitem__(self, key, value)
     |  
     |  __str__(self)
     |      Return str(self).
     |  
     |  as_dict(self, recursive=False, flatten=False, add_prefix=False, add_key=False)
     |      Convert the `Container` into a dictionary
     |      
     |      Parameters
     |      ----------
     |      recursive: bool
     |          sub-Containers should also be converted to dicts
     |      flatten: type
     |          return a flat dictionary, with any sub-field keys generated
     |          by appending the sub-Container name.
     |      add_prefix: bool
     |          include the container's prefix in the name of each item
     |      add_key: bool
     |          include map key
     |  
     |  items(self, add_prefix=False)
     |      Generator over (key, value) pairs for the items
     |  
     |  keys(self)
     |      Get the keys of the container
     |  
     |  reset(self)
     |      Reset all values back to their default values
     |      
     |      Parameters
     |      ----------
     |      recursive: bool
     |          If true, also reset all sub-containers
     |  
     |  update(self, **values)
     |      update more than one parameter at once (e.g. ``update(x=3,y=4)``
     |      or ``update(**dict_of_values)``)
     |  
     |  validate(self)
     |      Check that all fields in the Container have the expected characteristics (as
     |      defined by the Field metadata).  This is not intended to be run every time a
     |      Container is filled, since it is slow, only for testing a first event.
     |      
     |      Raises
     |      ------
     |      ValueError:
     |          if the Container's values are not valid
     |  
     |  values(self)
     |      Get the values of the container





.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 98-100

values can be set as normal for a class:


.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 100-104

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 101


    ev.event_id = 100
    ev.event_id





.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none


    100



.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 105-107

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 105

    ev.as_dict()  # by default only shows the bare items, not sub-containers (See later)





.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none


    {'event_id': 100, 'tels_with_data': [], 'sub': __main__.SubContainer:
                              junk: Some junk with default -1
                             value: some value with default 0.0 [deg], 'tel': Map(__main__.TelContainer, {1: __main__.TelContainer:
                            tel_id: telescope ID number with default -1
                             image: camera pixel data with default None})}



.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 108-111

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 108

    ev.as_dict(recursive=True)






.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none


    {'event_id': 100, 'tels_with_data': [], 'sub': {'junk': -1, 'value': 0.0}, 'tel': {1: {'tel_id': -1, 'image': array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.])}}}



.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 112-115

and we can add a few of these to the parent container inside the tel
dict:


.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 115-120

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 116


    ev.tel[10] = TelContainer()
    ev.tel[5] = TelContainer()
    ev.tel[42] = TelContainer()








.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 121-122

because we are using a default_factory to handle mutable defaults, the images are actually different:

.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 122-125

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 122

    ev.tel[42].image is ev.tel[32]






.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none


    False



.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 126-129

Be careful to use the ``default_factory`` mechanism for mutable fields,
see this **negative** example:


.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 129-149

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 131



    class DangerousContainer(Container):
        image = Field(
            np.zeros(10),
            description=(
                "Attention!!!! Globally mutable shared state. Use default_factory instead"
            ),
        )


    c1 = DangerousContainer()
    c2 = DangerousContainer()

    c1.image[5] = 9999

    print(c1.image)
    print(c2.image)
    print(c1.image is c2.image)





.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none

    [   0.    0.    0.    0.    0. 9999.    0.    0.    0.    0.]
    [   0.    0.    0.    0.    0. 9999.    0.    0.    0.    0.]
    True




.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 150-153

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 150

    ev.tel






.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none


    Map(__main__.TelContainer, {1: __main__.TelContainer:
                            tel_id: telescope ID number with default -1
                             image: camera pixel data with default None, 10: __main__.TelContainer:
                            tel_id: telescope ID number with default -1
                             image: camera pixel data with default None, 5: __main__.TelContainer:
                            tel_id: telescope ID number with default -1
                             image: camera pixel data with default None, 42: __main__.TelContainer:
                            tel_id: telescope ID number with default -1
                             image: camera pixel data with default None, 32: __main__.TelContainer:
                            tel_id: telescope ID number with default -1
                             image: camera pixel data with default None})



.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 154-157

Conversion to dictionaries
--------------------------


.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 157-160

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 158


    ev.as_dict()





.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none


    {'event_id': 100, 'tels_with_data': [], 'sub': __main__.SubContainer:
                              junk: Some junk with default -1
                             value: some value with default 0.0 [deg], 'tel': Map(__main__.TelContainer, {1: __main__.TelContainer:
                            tel_id: telescope ID number with default -1
                             image: camera pixel data with default None, 10: __main__.TelContainer:
                            tel_id: telescope ID number with default -1
                             image: camera pixel data with default None, 5: __main__.TelContainer:
                            tel_id: telescope ID number with default -1
                             image: camera pixel data with default None, 42: __main__.TelContainer:
                            tel_id: telescope ID number with default -1
                             image: camera pixel data with default None, 32: __main__.TelContainer:
                            tel_id: telescope ID number with default -1
                             image: camera pixel data with default None})}



.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 161-164

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 161

    ev.as_dict(recursive=True, flatten=False)






.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none


    {'event_id': 100, 'tels_with_data': [], 'sub': {'junk': -1, 'value': 0.0}, 'tel': {1: {'tel_id': -1, 'image': array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.])}, 10: {'tel_id': -1, 'image': array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.])}, 5: {'tel_id': -1, 'image': array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.])}, 42: {'tel_id': -1, 'image': array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.])}, 32: {'tel_id': -1, 'image': array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.])}}}



.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 165-168

for serialization to a table, we can even flatten the output into a
single set of columns


.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 168-172

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 169


    ev.as_dict(recursive=True, flatten=True)






.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none


    {'event_id': 100, 'tels_with_data': [], 'junk': -1, 'value': 0.0, 'tel_id': -1, 'image': array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.])}



.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 173-176

Setting and clearing values
---------------------------


.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 176-180

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 177


    ev.tel[5].image[:] = 9
    print(ev)





.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none

    {'event_id': 100,
     'sub': {'junk': -1, 'value': 0.0},
     'tel': {1: {'image': array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]),
                 'tel_id': -1},
             5: {'image': array([9., 9., 9., 9., 9., 9., 9., 9., 9., 9.]),
                 'tel_id': -1},
             10: {'image': array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]),
                  'tel_id': -1},
             32: {'image': array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]),
                  'tel_id': -1},
             42: {'image': array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]),
                  'tel_id': -1}},
     'tels_with_data': []}




.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 181-185

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 181

    ev.reset()
    ev.as_dict(recursive=True)






.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none


    {'event_id': -1, 'tels_with_data': [], 'sub': {'junk': -1, 'value': 0.0}, 'tel': {}}



.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 186-189

look at a pre-defined Container
-------------------------------


.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 189-193

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 191



    help(SimulatedShowerContainer)





.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none

    Help on class SimulatedShowerContainer in module ctapipe.containers:

    class SimulatedShowerContainer(ctapipe.core.container.Container)
     |  SimulatedShowerContainer(prefix=None, **fields)
     |  
     |  Attributes
     |  ----------
     |  energy : Field(default=nan TeV, unit=TeV)
     |      Simulated Energy
     |  alt : Field(default=nan deg, unit=deg)
     |      Simulated altitude
     |  az : Field(default=nan deg, unit=deg)
     |      Simulated azimuth
     |  core_x : Field(default=nan m, unit=m)
     |      Simulated core position (x)
     |  core_y : Field(default=nan m, unit=m)
     |      Simulated core position (y)
     |  h_first_int : Field(default=nan m, unit=m)
     |      Height of first interaction
     |  x_max : Field(default=nan g / cm2, unit=g / cm2)
     |      Simulated Xmax value
     |  starting_grammage : Field(default=nan g / cm2, unit=g / cm2)
     |      Grammage (mass overburden) where the particle was injected into the atmosphere
     |  shower_primary_id : Field(default=32767)
     |      Simulated shower primary ID 0 (gamma), 1(e-),2(mu-), 100*A+Z for nucleons and nuclei,negative for antimatter.
     |  meta : dict
     |      dict of attached metadata
     |  prefix : str
     |      Prefix attached to column names when saved to a table or file
     |  
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      SimulatedShowerContainer
     |      ctapipe.core.container.Container
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Data descriptors defined here:
     |  
     |  alt
     |  
     |  az
     |  
     |  core_x
     |  
     |  core_y
     |  
     |  energy
     |  
     |  h_first_int
     |  
     |  meta
     |  
     |  prefix
     |  
     |  shower_primary_id
     |  
     |  starting_grammage
     |  
     |  x_max
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  __slotnames__ = ['energy', 'alt', 'az', 'core_x', 'core_y', 'h_first_i...
     |  
     |  default_prefix = 'true'
     |  
     |  fields = {'alt': Field(default=nan deg, unit=deg), 'az': Field(default...
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from ctapipe.core.container.Container:
     |  
     |  __getitem__(self, key)
     |  
     |  __init__(self, prefix=None, **fields)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  __repr__(self)
     |      Return repr(self).
     |  
     |  __setitem__(self, key, value)
     |  
     |  __str__(self)
     |      Return str(self).
     |  
     |  as_dict(self, recursive=False, flatten=False, add_prefix=False, add_key=False)
     |      Convert the `Container` into a dictionary
     |      
     |      Parameters
     |      ----------
     |      recursive: bool
     |          sub-Containers should also be converted to dicts
     |      flatten: type
     |          return a flat dictionary, with any sub-field keys generated
     |          by appending the sub-Container name.
     |      add_prefix: bool
     |          include the container's prefix in the name of each item
     |      add_key: bool
     |          include map key
     |  
     |  items(self, add_prefix=False)
     |      Generator over (key, value) pairs for the items
     |  
     |  keys(self)
     |      Get the keys of the container
     |  
     |  reset(self)
     |      Reset all values back to their default values
     |      
     |      Parameters
     |      ----------
     |      recursive: bool
     |          If true, also reset all sub-containers
     |  
     |  update(self, **values)
     |      update more than one parameter at once (e.g. ``update(x=3,y=4)``
     |      or ``update(**dict_of_values)``)
     |  
     |  validate(self)
     |      Check that all fields in the Container have the expected characteristics (as
     |      defined by the Field metadata).  This is not intended to be run every time a
     |      Container is filled, since it is slow, only for testing a first event.
     |      
     |      Raises
     |      ------
     |      ValueError:
     |          if the Container's values are not valid
     |  
     |  values(self)
     |      Get the values of the container





.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 194-198

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 194

    shower = SimulatedShowerContainer()
    shower






.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none


    ctapipe.containers.SimulatedShowerContainer:
                            energy: Simulated Energy with default nan TeV [TeV]
                               alt: Simulated altitude with default nan deg [deg]
                                az: Simulated azimuth with default nan deg [deg]
                            core_x: Simulated core position (x) with default nan m
                                    [m]
                            core_y: Simulated core position (y) with default nan m
                                    [m]
                       h_first_int: Height of first interaction with default nan m
                                    [m]
                             x_max: Simulated Xmax value with default nan g / cm2 [g
                                    / cm2]
                 starting_grammage: Grammage (mass overburden) where the particle
                                    was injected into the atmosphere with default
                                    nan g / cm2 [g / cm2]
                 shower_primary_id: Simulated shower primary ID 0 (gamma),
                                    1(e-),2(mu-), 100*A+Z for nucleons and
                                    nuclei,negative for antimatter. with default
                                    32767



.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 199-205

Container prefixes
------------------

To store the same container in the same table in a file or give more
information, containers support setting a custom prefix:


.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 205-213

.. code-block:: Python
   :lineno-start: 206


    c1 = SubContainer(junk=5, value=3, prefix="foo")
    c2 = SubContainer(junk=10, value=9001, prefix="bar")

    # create a common dict with data from both containers:
    d = c1.as_dict(add_prefix=True)
    d.update(c2.as_dict(add_prefix=True))
    d




.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none


    {'foo_junk': 5, 'foo_value': 3, 'bar_junk': 10, 'bar_value': 9001}




.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-timing

   **Total running time of the script:** (0 minutes 0.016 seconds)


.. _sphx_glr_download_auto_examples_core_containers.py:

.. only:: html

  .. container:: sphx-glr-footer sphx-glr-footer-example

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-jupyter

      :download:`Download Jupyter notebook: containers.ipynb <containers.ipynb>`

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-python

      :download:`Download Python source code: containers.py <containers.py>`

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-zip

      :download:`Download zipped: containers.zip <containers.zip>`


.. only:: html

 .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-signature

    `Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery <https://sphinx-gallery.github.io>`_